The child of this marriage received the first name of his mother (Sogolon) and the surname of his father (Djata). [7] Maghan I succeeded his father as mansa in 1337, but was deposed by his uncle Suleyman in 1341. Thank you for your help! [39], The identity of the capital city of the Mali Empire is a matter of dispute among historians. [14], Medieval sources are divided over whether Mali is the name of a town or a region. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This enabled him to rule over a realm larger than even the Ghana Empire in its apex. Gao had already been captured by Musa's general, and Musa quickly regained Timbuktu, built a rampart and stone fort, and placed a standing army to protect the city from future invaders.[70]. [44] Niani's reputation as an imperial capital may derive from its importance in the late imperial period, when the Songhai Empire to the northeast pushed Mali back to the Manding heartland. His information about the empire came from visiting Malians taking the hajj, or pilgrim's voyage to Mecca. Mansa Ms left a realm notable for its extent and richeshe built the Great Mosque at Timbuktubut he is best remembered in the Middle East and Europe for the splendour of his pilgrimage to Mecca (1324). [70] However, once Sundiata did gain use of his legs he grew strong and very respected. The University of Sankore in Timbuktu was restaffed under Musa's reign with jurists, astronomers, and mathematicians. UsefulCharts, . Although this time in the kingdom was prosperous, Mali's wealth and power soon declined. [28] The Tarikh al-fattash claims that Musa accidentally killed Kanku at some point prior to his hajj. [81] He went on the hajj during the reign of Mamluk sultan Baibars (12601277). However, his riches are only one part of his legacy, and he is also remembered for his Islamic faith, promotion of scholarship, and patronage of culture in Mali. Kankan Musa, better known as Mansa Musa probably took power in approximately 1312, although an earlier date is possible. 4. Who would native Malians have considered their greatest ruler? The only real requirement was that the mansa knew he could trust this individual to safeguard imperial interests. The organization and smooth administration of a purely African empire, the founding of the University of Sankore, the expansion of trade in Timbuktu, the architectural innovations in Gao, Timbuktu, and Niani and, indeed, throughout the whole of Mali and in the subsequent Songhai empire are all testimony to Mansa Mss superior administrative gifts. According to Ibn Battuta who visited Mali in the mid-14th century, one camel load of salt sold at Walata for 810 mithqals of gold, but in Mali proper it realised 2030 ducats and sometimes even 40. [71] The tiny kingdom of Niani was one of several in the Kri area of Manden. While in Cairo, Mansa Musa met with the Sultan of Egypt, and his caravan spent and gave away so much gold that the overall value of gold decreased in Egypt for the next 12 years. Scholars who were mainly interested in history, Qurnic theology, and law were to make the mosque of Sankore in Timbuktu a teaching centre and to lay the foundations of the University of Sankore. Intro music: "Lord of the Land" by Kevin MacLeod and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0. Mansa Musa even built the Great Mosque of Djenn, one of the most famous mosques in Mali, to recognize his pilgrimage. In the 17th year of his reign (1324), he set out on his famous pilgrimage to Mecca. Mansa Musa (about 1280 - about 1337) was an emperor (mansa) of the Mali Empire during the 14th century. Musa was a Muslim, and his pilgrimage to Mecca, also known as hajj, made him well known across Northern Africa and the Middle East. [88], Mansa Musa is renowned for his wealth and generosity. Under his leadership, Mali conquered new territories and trade with North Africa increased. In 1203, the Sosso king Soumaoro of the Kant clan came to power and reportedly terrorised much of Manden stealing women and goods from both Dodougou and Kri. In 1481, Fula raids against Mali's Tekrur provinces began. The date of Mahmud's death and identity of his immediate successor are not recorded, and there is a gap of 65 years before another mansa's identity is recorded. [43] In 1324, while in Cairo, Musa said that he had conquered 24 cities and their surrounding districts.[44]. Last modified October 17, 2020. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [105][106] Three years later, Oualata also fell into their hands. Imperial Mali is best known through three primary sources: the first is the account of Shihab al-'Umari, written in about 1340 by a geographer-administrator in Mamluk Egypt. 1312 is the most widely accepted by modern historians. After the reigns of two more emperors, Musa Keita became mansa in c. 1312. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. Musa's name Kanku Musa means "Musa son of Kanku", but the genealogy may not be literal. Mansa Musa brought the architect back to Mali to beautify some of the cities. [40] In fact, there is a conspicuous absence of archaeological samples of any kind from Niani dated to the late 13th through early 15th centuries, suggesting that Niani may have been uninhabited during the heyday of the Mali Empire. Side by side with the encouragement of trade and commerce, learning and the arts received royal patronage. Mansa Musa's personal name was Musa (Arabic: , romanized:Ms), the Arabic form of Moses. [108], Despite their power in the west, Mali was losing the battle for supremacy in the north and northeast. published on 17 October 2020. Mande bards in the region speak of the Dakajalan site, containing Sundiata's grave, as sacrosanct. Upon his return in 1324, Ms Is pious pilgrimage inspired him to commission two enormous mosques in Timbuktu and Gao. Wali was succeeded by his brother Wati, about whom nothing is known,[82][83] and then his brother Khalifa. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. Around 1550, Mali attacked Bighu in an effort to regain access to its gold. Mansa Musa, one of the wealthiest people who ever lived - Jessica Smith TED-Ed 7.1M views 7 years ago The history of Nigeria explained in 6 minutes (3,000 Years of Nigerian history) Epimetheus. During his reign, the Mossi emperor Bonga of Yatenga raided into Mali and plundered Macina. [69] The university became a center of learning and culture, drawing Muslim scholars from around Africa and the Middle East to Timbuktu. This is the least known period in Mali's imperial history. [129] The county level administrators called kafo-tigui (county-master) were appointed by the governor of the province from within his own circle. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/video/2147/mansa-musa-family-tree--empire-of-mali/. While in Mecca, conflict broke out between a group of Malian pilgrims and a group of Turkic pilgrims in the Masjid al-Haram. [46] From 1389 onwards Mali gained a host of mansas of obscure origins. Niane, D. T.: "Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali". [122] Their forces marched as far north as Kangaba, where the mansa was obliged to make a peace with them, promising not to attack downstream of Mali. This trend would continue into colonial times against Tukulor enemies from the west.[121]. [27] His list does not necessarily accurately reflect the actual organization of the Mali Empire,[28] and the identification of the listed provinces is controversial. Much of the history is oral, given by professional "historians". There are a few references to Mali in early Islamic literature. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Why did Ms I make a pilgrimage to Mecca? Online articles in the 21st century have claimed that Mansa Musa was the richest person of all time. During this period, trade routes shifted southward to the savanna, stimulating the growth of states such as Bono state. [93], Following Musa Keita III's death, his brother Gbr Keita became emperor in the mid-15th century. Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) was the king of the ancient empire of Mali in West Africa. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita (c. 1214 - c. 1255) and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa (Musa Keita). World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. [18], In the Songhai language, rulers of Mali such as Musa were known as the Mali-koi, koi being a title that conveyed authority over a region: in other words, the "ruler of Mali". The Mali Empire expanded through conquest or annexation. He attempted to make Islam the faith of the nobility,[93] but kept to the imperial tradition of not forcing it on the populace. [116] Songhai authority over Bendugu and Kala declined by 1571, and Mali may have been able to reassert some authority over them. The oldest brother, Srbandjougou Keita, was crowned Mansa Foamed or Mansa Musa Keita III. That same year, Mahmud II sent another envoy to the Portuguese proposing alliance against the Fula. However, it went through radical changes before reaching the legendary proportions proclaimed by its subjects. Musa embarked on a large building program, raising mosques and madrasas in Timbuktu and Gao. [108] Alvise Cadamosto, a Venetian explorer, recorded that the Mali Empire was the most powerful entity on the coast in 1454. [70] Both of these men were part of Mali's warrior elite known as the ton-ta-jon-ta-ni-woro ("sixteen carriers of quivers"). So lavish was the emperor in his spending that he flooded the Cairo market with gold, thereby causing such a decline in its value that the market some 12 years later had still not fully recovered. [92] He was one of the first truly devout Muslims to lead the Mali Empire. Wagadou's control over Manden came to a halt after internal instability lead to its decline. The Portuguese decided to stay out of the conflict and the talks concluded by 1495 without an alliance.[110]. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca from 1324 to 1326. [51] Musa made a major point of showing off his nation's wealth. Musa expanded the borders of the Mali Empire, in particular incorporating the cities of Gao and Timbuktu into its territory. At each halt, he would regale us [his entourage] rare foods and confectionery. The Joma area, governed from Siguiri, controlled the central region, which encompassed Niani. [98], The wealth of the Mali Empire did not come from direct control of gold-producing regions, but rather trade and tribute. The current King, Salman bin Abdulaziz, is the 25th son of King Abdulaziz and has continued to maintain the . and transl. The fame of Mansa Musa and his phenomenal wealth spread as he traveled on his hajjto Mecca. Mansa Musa was the great nephew of Sundiata Keita, who was founder . Via one of the royal ladies of his court, Musa transformed Sankore from an informal madrasah into an Islamic university. Mansa Musa (1280-1337) Mansa Musa, fourteenth century emperor of the Mali Empire, is the medieval African ruler most known to the world outside Africa. [13][12] In the Manding languages, the modern descendants of the language spoken at the core of the Mali Empire, Manden or Manding is the name of the region corresponding to the heartland of the Mali Empire. The area was famous as a hunting ground for the large amount of game that it sheltered, as well as its dense vegetation. The Mansa led the second expedition himself, and appointed Musa as his deputy to rule the empire until he returned. [19], Much of what is known about Musa comes from Arabic sources written after his hajj, especially the writings of Al-Umari and Ibn Khaldun. It is known from the Tarikh al-Sudan that Mali was still a sizeable state in the 15th century. His riches came from the mining of significant gold and salt deposits in the Mali Empire, along with the slave and ivory trade.[6][7]. They are descendants of. Mali's Timbuktu was known for its schools and libraries.
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