In 1936, Location for : Izhevsk - post 1935/1936 period, Tula -, The serial number is a combination of letters and numbersthat was used as the main ID for a rifle during its service life. Due to shorter barrels, carbines have different ballistics that's why in the Oparin's chart, the carbine data is written inside the circles. It is not interchangeable with other Mosins. An order for 500,000 rifles was placed with the French arms factory, Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Chtellerault.[9]. The telescopes were somewhat similar to those used on US hunting rifles at that time. 1923 and later. orly. Most of these have ended up as inexpensive surplus for Western nations. American and British expeditionary forces of the North Russia Campaign were armed with these rifles and sent to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk in the late summer of 1918 to prevent the large quantities of munitions delivered for Czarist forces from being captured by the Central Powers. Sometimes it can be seen on later guns, it was even used on1944 Izhevsk receivers. [51], Several American companies manufacture aftermarket rifle stocks that come inletted so a Mosin can be dropped directly into the stock without additional modification, for shooters who would prefer their ex-military rifles look more like civilian-made hunting rifles. On the top - rifle with factory original bluing, serial number is stamped over bluing. One of the most famous markings of this kind is the so called "sniper" marking. All factories always produced a certain quantity of training rifles. They are: 1) Main markings that were present in production drawings. ) sections, articles, photos, or information from this site may be used - 1935, M39 1940 - 24. These marks indicate Bayonet lug with barrel band having twin sling swivels and the two rear sling points are inletted into . Later, more and more rifles and carbines were issued with button rifled barrels, they showed good performance, and they were not stamped as much as earlier. The Type 53 is a Chinese bolt-action rifle. The more Izhevsk Arrow in Triangle and date. 1. Finland. The owner, and the site contributors and site host are It was supplied together with a model of the cartridge and bullet but without the primer and the smokeless powder. On the left - prewar Tula marking, in the middle - smaller and bigger factory #536 Tula marking, onthe right - 1942 and later Izhevsk marking. The M1891/30 bayonet has a press stud to secure the bayonet in place, rather than the locking ring of the M1891. . Location for: Izhevsk - pre 1935/1936 period, Tula - 1940 and earlier. In spite of its age, it has been used in various conflicts around the world up to the present day. If you have any prayer requests, or any mosin nagant questions, please don't hesitate to send me an email:captainrex1995@gmail.com In Mosin's original design the spring was not attached to the base plate and, according to the Commission, could be lost during maintenance, rifle cleaning. Finnish MosinNagants were produced by SAKO, Tikkakoski, and VKT, with some using barrels imported from Switzerland and Germany. The 4 shot group (or 3 best shots) should be within a 15 cm circle (about 5.16 MOA)(during late 1930's and wartime years - 18 cm (6.19 MOA), with center of the group 17 cm higher than sighting point. Towards the end of 1941 the size became much bigger, at this time it normally was stamped on the top ofthe barrel shank. Some details were borrowed from Nagant's design. The new service rifle m/39 was designed from the start around the D-166 thus it had nominal barrel diameter of .310. More details will be provided in sniper section. Henceforth, the new Bolshevik government of Vladimir Lenin cancelled payments to the American companies manufacturing the MosinNagant (Russia had not paid for the order at any time throughout the Great War). By the time the war broke out in 1904, approximately 3.8 million had been built,[14] with over 1.5 million in the hands of the Russian cavalry and all of its reserves when hostilities commenced.[12][15]. The trigger assembly is unique in the Romanian 91/30 and is adjustable. I have not been 1930, 1933, M39 1967 - One of the most affordable wooden stock upgrades you can get to improve the exterior of your Mosin Nagant is an M91/30 Lower Wood Stock. The Type 53 is a Chinese copy of the Russian Mosin-Nagant M44 Carbine, a new production version of the 91/30 with a reduced barrel length and a side-mounted folding bayonet. The change of the marking type occurred in the 1930's, however, some Izhevsk wartimerifles still have the older style"OO" marking instead of the newer "O in circle", likely because of the absence of the correct stamp. The 16-inch Soviet flame-thrower, the 91/30 M44 (Photo by Jim Grant) The Mosin-Nagant M44 is the Russian designed carbine rifle that arrived too late to win World War II. Not all rifles and carbinesissued by factories were just standard firearms produced with accepted drawings and technology. SY -- Early Finish Civil Guard Mark. These countries are now unloading most of their surplus 7.62x54r ammo here in the US of A. Fletching of thearrow has4 lines on each side. There have been several refinements and variations of the original rifle, the most common being the M1891/30 (commonly referred to as "the 91/30" by shooters), which was a modernized design introduced in 1930. 1944, M91 1941 - The Mosin-Nagant (Russian: , ISO 9: Vintovka Mosina) is a bolt-action, internal magazine-fed, military rifle, developed by the Imperial Russian Army in 1882-1891, and used by the armed forces of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and various other nations. Not all barrels with such markings were used on sniper rifles,it is possible to see regular rifles with sniper grade barrels without mounts and scopes in standard 91/30 configuration, The Tula factory started to use specific marking for sniper grade barrels in 1934. " in circle" military repsentative final acceptance marking. authenticity or misuse of the site content or material found on the Remaining rifles were used for the training of U.S. Army troops. of marks from a variety of origins, Mosin Nagant Import MarksPictures and Untilthe end of the 1930's the serial number was stamped after rifles wereaccepted by a military representative. Unlike the Mauser, which uses a controlled feed bolt head in which the cartridge base snaps up under the fixed extractor as the cartridge is fed from the magazine, the Mosin has a push feed recessed bolt head in which the spring-loaded extractor snaps over the cartridge base as the bolt is finally closed similar to the Gewehr 1888 and M91 Carcano or modern sporting rifles like the Remington 700. 1941 Izhevsk factory issued barreled receiver, currently part of acomplete rifle. Numbers on receiver, bolt, butt plate and floor plate all match. This new cartridge was loaded with a new bullet designed in 1934the D-166, which had a nominal diameter of .310. As mentioned previously, these markings can often be observed onregular rifles and even carbines. Initial bullet velocity test rifle CK marking. Russian Mosin Nagant Original Military web & leather sling,Russian markings vg. photo courtesy of 7.62x54r.net Rifle with accessories- Mosin-Nagant Model 1891, Bayonet, and Ammunition . In 1926 a "big hammer" markingon the front of the receiver was changed to a "wheat with hammer and sickle" marking, quite similar to the Izhevsk "wheat with hammer and sickle". 1912, M91 1912 - There is a larger graphic with even more marks, but not with locales for the marks. Often the meaning is unknown even to the most knowledgeable researchers. Year of Manufacture: 1941. Military surplus ammunition for classic Warsaw Pact weapons like the Mosin-Nagant or Kalashnikov usually comes in containers labeled in Russian using Soviet military nomenclature. Hello-if you're keen on the Mosin Nagant I would recommend 'The Mosin-Nagant Rifle' by Terrence Lapin-a great reference book full of info on markings and the different variants and quite cheap too! Up to the mid 1930's, rifles that were in service and required overhaul were repaired by the factories. Production yearstamp can alsohave some differences - sometimes a shortened abbreviation for year "" ("") was stamped, sometimes not, sometimes it had the dot after, sometimes not. material found on the sites forums, M44 Other The location of the stamping remained the same, but quite often this marking was stamped po. This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 03:26. credited are property of this site, the persons that In 19351936, the 91/30 was again modified, this time to lower production time. With the Finnish M39 Mosin Nagant craze sweeping many new collectors and reinvigorated with established collectors in the US, I jumped on the bandwagon and added these two M39s to the M39 Wing of the Mosin Nagant Annex at the Gear Report secure gun storage facility. Rifle . The arsenal marks of Red army World War II rifles.JPG. Known officially as the 3-line rifle M1891[citation needed] and informally in Russia and former Soviet Union as Mosin's rifle (Russian: , ISO 9: vintovka Mosina), it is primarily found chambered for its original 7.6254mmR cartridge. Re: Unique Mosin Nagant markings - now with PHOTO. Afactory matching rifle font should look the same on all parts (however because of the different angles of the application of the stamp, small visual differences are possible). The imperial pattern "bow and arrow" emblem was used as a part of the big factory emblem and as a small emblem. Indicates ownership by. collector. Import marked "C.A.I., Georgia, VT" on left of receiver. VT." and "M39 FINLAND 7.62X54R". Turkey, United States, Yugoslavia, Unknown Mosin Nagant MarksMarks of varying rarity, 1939 Tula M91/30, photo courtesy of Ryan Elliott. The Finnish cartridge 7.6253mmR is a slightly modified variation of the Russian 7.6254mmR, and is considered interchangeable with 54R. * Accuracy test shooting done at factories was different from the way it was done during field tests. Cheers! Deliveries to Russia had amounted to 469,951 rifles when the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended hostilities between the Central Powers and now Soviet-Russia. Commonly these marks can be seen onbolt heads, receivers, bayonets. Triangular shaped markings, some with an arrow inside, on many components of the rifle. Each part of the rifle, and the assembled rifle itself, passed through multiply quality control inspections. Factory done serial numbers werealways stamped during the final stage of assembly through bluing layer. All photos that are not credited are property of this The Nagant M1895 Revolver is a seven-shot, gas-seal revolver designed and produced by Belgian industrialist Lon Nagant for the Russian Empire.. It has six "sides" but is neither hexagonal nor octagonal in normal use of those terms). Most people that are into the Mosin game know about the Mosin Nagant M91. action will be taken. Its purpose is to aid shooting the Mosin-Nagant M91/30 rifles and carbines (M38, M44). Many of the New England Westinghouse and Remington MosinNagants were sold to private citizens in the United States before World War II through the office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship, the predecessor to the federal government's current Civilian Marksmanship Program. any claims resulting from loss as a result of the accuracy or Those markings are O and letters in a circle (but not those that are stamped on the barrel shank), these markingsmean "" (tested) and "" (pressure). The Mosin-Nagant Model 91/30 was adopted and modified to be a sniper rifle in 1932. information on import marks by various companies over the years, Finnish Marked Russian and Soviet 1918, M91 1918 - 1944, M24 1924 - In interviews Hyh gave before his death, he said that the scope and mount designed by the Soviets required the shooter to expose himself too much and raise his head too high, increasing the chances of being spotted by the enemy. 1944 dated hexagonal receiver, adjustable sights with the rear being a folding type and the front having protecting ears. Onthe left - 1918-1928 type, in the middle - 1928-1937 type, on the right - 1937 and later. site, the persons that submitted them, or are in the public domain. In this case 1927. The inventors obliged by delivering their final designs. Diamond 27 -- This mark is found on Finnish M27 rifles and indicated year the barrel made manufactured. There were also minor modifications to the bolt, but not enough to prevent interchangeability with the earlier Model 1891 and the so-called "Cossack dragoon" rifles. But even at the princely sums of $300 or $400, the rifle is still worth every penny. (Photo: Evan Duffy) The Mosin-Nagant M44 carbine is a derivative of Russia's battle . 2015 Marvel Comics Spider-Man and the X-Men #1. Mosin NagantsSA, D, 41, Civil Guard, and POULUSTUSLAITOS marks, Mosin Nagant MO MarksPictures, data and - Free Online Library", "Current MosinNagant rifles being produced", Schiebecher as 43M rifle-grenade launcher, List of equipment used in the World War II era, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MosinNagant&oldid=1142561834, Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1891, World War II infantry weapons of the Soviet Union, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 500 metres (550yd), 800+ m (875+ yards) with optics, 5-round non-detachable magazine, loaded individually or with 5-round, Rear: ladder, graduated from 100 m to 2,000 m (M91/30) and from 100 m to 1,000 m (M38 and M44); Front: hooded fixed post (drift adjustable) PU 3.5 and PEM scope also mounted. not responsible for the use or application of material uncertain meanings but obvious Finnish origin, Other Country's Mosin Nagant MarksPoland, Hungary, Mosin Nagant 91/30 serial, markings and other things of interest. Copyright As a result, the rifle was used on both sides of the Winter War and the Continuation War during World War II. The serial number range (for M91/30's) was reset every year. Bid now on Invaluable: Ex Dragoon M91/30 Mosin Nagant Bolt Action Rifle, Caliber 7.62x54R from Cordier Auctions & Appraisals on Invalid date EST. 1941 -- This is placed here as an example of the date 1941 as stamped by Finland. They mean that a riflepart was tested usingdevices administratingpressure or flexibility tests. These rifles were mainly produced from defective parts, they were not functional - it was not possible to fire them. In 1942, when production of sniper rifles started at factory #536 in Tula, the letters were replaced by CH letters,. obsolete weapons and non-standard weapons were used to fill these roles. In 1928 thestamping onthe receiver was eliminated, the stamp onthe stock was modified, circular . letters were added (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic). Izhevsk - 1907/1917 - First Pattern - 4,400 - Second Pattern - 300,000. When the newly created factory #536 in Tula started production in 1942they continued to use the prewar pattern " in circle" marking, but in fact, the rifles were tested using the VD cartridge. Like most earlier milsurp rifles produced before WW1, they are long. Here are two views of a wooden crate containing 7.62x54mmR ammunition. able to locate an authoritative resource for 1922, M91/30 1930 - Normally three "R"'s surrounded by crossed stalks with leaves pointing outwards are on the top of the breech. By the time it entered service in 1953, the Korean War was over so . Arms (www.empirearms.com). The model 1895 Nagant pistols are a great sidebar for Mosin collectors and they do appear in Mosin Nagant forums quite often. As mentioned in the general information, there are several groups of factory markings. arsenal marks, you will find other marks or The more commonly encountered, Including marks from Chatellerault, Remington, and New England Westinghouse, Including a few with uncertain meanings but obvious Finnish origin. (1)Millman (2)BuckeyeSgt, M91 1892 - Minor scuffs on stock and minor butt repair Inventory No . It is . Model 1907 Rifle: M1907/Carbine - One of the rarest Mosin's made. The demand of new MOSIN NAGANT rifle's has risen 39 units over the past 12 months. Poorly stamped letters in circle - "" initials, military representative personal marking, this will be covered in detailbelow. The owner, and the site contributors and site host are not responsible Imperial Russian five-shot, bolt-action military rifle, "Mosin" redirects here. Year stamps are quite visible. The others will be unknown maker and inspector markings. Reserve office school equipment post WW2 RUK-museo 2.JPG. Post 1935 rifles have a much bigger quantity of different inspection and operational markings that are visible on metal parts and stocks, earlier rifles don't have as many quality control markings. It was an improvement on the Model 91/30, particularly for urban warfare; but few M44s saw combat on the Eastern Front. In 1917, 50,000 rifles were sent via Vladivostok to the Czechoslovak Legions in Siberia to aid in their attempt to secure passage to France. letters in a circle - quality control department marking (stamped twice). Onbolts, the location was near the beginning of the bolt handle, also on the opposite to the side where afactory marking was stamped. [9] Remington produced 750,000 rifles before production was halted by the 1917 October Revolution. Izhevsk pre-1935 quality control proof marks looklike a single letter or number, later ones look like different figures with number or letters inside. Pre 1923 period, "H" replacement part marking on variousrifleparts. [citation needed] However, despite a lack of both aesthetic focus and uniformity, the basic functionality of the Mosins was unimpaired. Use ofrecycled receivers is widely known, but other parts were reused as well. The Mosin bolt is removed by simply pulling it fully to the rear of the receiver and squeezing the trigger, while the Mauser has a bolt stop lever separate from the trigger. Socket bayonet for use with the 7.62 mm. The M91 rolled in at a whopping 51 1/2 inches overall, and had a 31 1/2 inch barrel. The old range Russian range markings had been marked in left side of the rear sight and have markings 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 (indicating hundreds of arschen / arsin) - often these markings were tooled over to cancel them. Tikkakoski produced new barrels and the front sights were usually improved. 2015. Make: WWII Finnish Sako, Model: M39 Mosin Nagant, Serial # - Firearms: 254216, Caliber: 7.62x54r, Barrel Length: 27" round, Condition: Very Good, Other: bolt action rifle. Add to Compare. - P. 217. it appears, that individual armorers and The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Finnish rifles are characterized by Russian, French or American-made receivers stamped with a boxed SA, as well as many other parts produced in those countries and barrels produced in Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium and Germany. Finland was still producing the M39 MosinNagant in small numbers as late as 1973. 1970, 1973, Romania, Hungary, This was used since mid 1943 at the Izhevsk factory instead of paper cards, whichwere used earlier. Countries, Empire Sample of factory matching serial numbers. for the use or application of material found on this site. ST. ALB. Barrel behind front sight and top of sight bladeM39. All photos that are not A rifle's parts, before they were inspected by quality control inspectors, were machined, assembled andadjusted by factory workers. submitted them, or are in the public domain. The Finns also manufactured two-piece "finger splice" stocks for their MosinNagant rifles.[17]. Tula Star and date stamped over. # 67, On the left - pre 1938 serial number, onthe right - 1938 and later serial number (with a letter prefix). Romania, China, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Serbia, Spain, The numerous markings and proofs found on Mosin rifles can be overwhelming to the new A license-built version of the Soviet M1944 Mosin-Nagant carbine for the People's Liberation Army (PLA), it only saw Chinese service for a few years as it had already been superseded by the SKS and AK-47 when it was introduced. Serial numbers werestamped onthe barrel shank, and with the same font, were also stamped onthe bolt body, magazine floorplate and the stock buttplate. Samples of Tula factory quality control proof marks. without the written permission of the owner and the various site 1941-1942 Izhevsk barreled receivers were numbered by the Izhevsk factory, but they had their own serial number range, different from range that was used for regular rifles - letter number prefixes, typical to the complete rifles, were not used during their numbering . However, many are known and they often reveal a lot about the individual rifle. Small factory emblems were star without an arrow for Tula, and triangle with arrow for Izhevsk. One, a 203-grain softpoint load at about 2,200 fps, impacted precisely on point of aim. Due to the desperate shortage of arms and the shortcomings of a still-developing domestic industry, the Russian government ordered 1.5 million M1891 infantry rifles from Remington Arms and another 1.8 million from New England Westinghouse Company in the United States in 1915. ], Tsypkin G. V. Ethiopia in the anti-colonial wars. 1 in circle marking - personal marking of the shooter who was responsible for the accuracy test. number and property marks as well as various Tkiv 85. Parts that required serial numbers at assembly, were issued unnumbered. This effort led to the development of the Model 91/30 rifle, which was based on the design of the original dragoon version. Mar 31, 2010. " in rectangular" military repsentative final acceptance marking. The big emblem of the Tula factory was star with an arrow inside, thebig emblems of the Izhevsk factory was a wreath with a hammer and sickle inside, and a triangle with an arrow inside (triangle with arrow was not used on stocks). [10], From a technical point of view the rifle that came to be called "MosinNagant" is the design proposed by Mosin as further amended by Mosin with some details borrowed from Nagant's design. Those problems were solved by Russian scientists and engineers (the smokeless powder, for instance, was produced by Dmitri Mendeleev himself). stampings. There are no markings or numbers on or under the steel butt plate. Large numbers of MosinNagants were captured by German and Austro-Hungarian forces and saw service with the rear-echelon forces of both armies, and also with the Imperial German Navy. Photo courtesy of Ryan Ellott. Finnish Marked Russian and Soviet Mosin Nagants SA, D, 41, Civil Guard, and POULUSTUSLAITOS marks. . All barrels that were produced in. "Tika", M91 1925 - [13], The Russo-Japanese War (19041905) was the rifle's first major conflict. The receiver tang was stamped with a factory marking and production year only after a barrel was attached to it, stamps onthe barrel shank were added later. It shows the ID of each marking (how it was marked in the parts drawings) and a sample of how the marking should look. ; Triangle T -- Tikkakoski (Tika") factory marks, Finland. forward of the top of the receiver and right [citation needed]. you feel there is use of a copyrighted photo, contact the owner and . Samples of Tula factory quality control proof marks on the stock. "[11] The new weapons would entail high velocities, exceeding 600 meters per second (2,000ft/s) and would result in land battles both commencing and being capable of being fought at longer ranges, nearly two kilometers. were mandatory for all manufacturers. The M/28-76 was modified from M/28-30 and M/39 rifles and were primarily used for marksmanship and training. They have a reputation for being reliable, hard hitting, and extremely accurate. letters are initials of chied military representative . (I.Litichevskiy). The hammer and sickle indicates this example was made at Izhvesk armory. 1944, Photos courtesy of The same placement of themarkings is mentioned in later instructions. No The M1891/30 was Soviet Russia's standard service rifle during the Second World War. Onthe left - pressure test marking on the receiver, on the right - test marking on a bayonet (previously a in circle marking was used). Manufacturers will vary with the exception of Tikka's which are being sold under a separate SKU. Non refurbished factory original condition rifle. Several companies also make scope mounts for pistol scopes that can be mounted to the rear sight of the Model 91/30 without drilling or tapping. Hex receiver with Izhevsk Arsenal markings and the date 1931. their photos. Model 1944 Mosin Nagant - Manufactured by Russia during and after WWII, Hungary, Poland, and Romania after the war. Like the Mauser, the bolt lift arc on the MosinNagant is 90 degrees, versus 60 degrees on the LeeEnfield. MosinNagant rifles and carbines saw service on many fronts of the Cold War, from Korea and Vietnam to Afghanistan and along the Iron Curtain in Europe. These include the date, serial number and property . 420 MPa pressure). One of the first markingswas stamped onthe barrel after it passed through a black powder pressure test. Schwerz Industries -- Indicates SIG made barrels for the M24 and M28 Finnish rifles. I believe the [\] mark is the only one that we know anything about. In addition to arsenal marks, you will find other marks or stampings. Onthe left - pre 1934 single letter/number marking, the rest are 1934 and later proofmarks. The left side of the receiver is . 1926, M91 1926 - Izhevsk switched to letter prefix serial numbers during the second quarter of 1938 (early 1938 Izhevsk rifles still had serial numbers without letter prefix), Tula switched on January 1st, 1938. Overall length is 40.4 inches, barrel length is 20.47 inches, front sights are wire pin post, rear sights are graduated 100 to 1000 meters. [47], As of 2023[update], bolt on mounts make it possible to fit a modern proprietary[48] or Picatinny/Weaver rail compatible scope to the rifle without the need to drill or tap the weapon. The front sight is a post that is not adjustable for elevation. Barrel behind front sight and top of sight bladeM39. Izhevsk [10][clarification needed] 29" barrel. This location for these kind of markings was used in the late 1930's by Izhevsk. For example, Simo Hyh is credited with having killed 505 Soviet soldiers, many of whom fell victim to his Finnish M/28-30 MosinNagant rifle. A hooded post front sight, replacing the blade on previous weapons. contributors. From the top to bottom they are: - personal marking the quality control department chief; - personal marking of the quality control worker; - steel lot number (steel that was used for the production); - test with two strengthen cartridges* markings; - powder test marking (after 1940 it was replaced with the VD cartridge* test marking). In actuality the markings "MO", "XO" and a few other similar codes are merely stamps used by various refurbishment depots. The test with two strengthened cartridges was introduced in 1922 (the earlier period will require further, more detailed research). Between the adoption of the final design in 1891 and the year 1910, several variants and modifications to the existing rifles were made. These workers also had their own personal markings, completion of some production operations were also stamped on certain rifleparts. The wartime Mosins are easily identified by the presence of tool marks and rough finishing that never would have passed the inspectors in peacetime. SA Marked Finnish Mosin Nagants Sizes, locations, and orientations of the SA mark. Middle Eastern countries within the sphere of Soviet influenceEgypt, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Palestinian fightershave received them in addition to other more modern arms. Tula pre-1932 quality control marking looksimilar to Izhevsk - single letter or number, 1932 and later markings - combination of the T and K letters in circle (OTK, abbreviation for Quality control department). Generally, all these replacementparts were marked with the letter "H" . With Remington and Westinghouse on the precipice of bankruptcy from the Communists' decision, the remaining 280,000 rifles were purchased by the United States Army.
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