Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [77], Coconut has a number of commercial and traditional cultivars. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. It should stay fresh for four to six months stored at room temperature. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. [26][27] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". [65][64] The fact that all dwarf coconuts share three genetic markers out of thirteen (which are only present in low frequencies in tall cultivars) makes it likely that they all originate from a single domesticated population. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. Coconut oil helps bolster your skins protective barrier layer, trapping moisture inside and keeping skin supple and hydrated. 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, Climbing is the most widespread, but it is also more dangerous and requires skilled workers. [40], Carl Linnaeus first wanted to name the coconut genus Coccus from latinizing the Portuguese word coco, because he saw works of other botanists in middle of the 17th century use the name as well. Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle. Long-term consumption of coconut oil may have negative health effects similar to those from consuming other sources of saturated fats, including butter, beef fat, and palm oil. The fragments are dated to approximately 1000BCE, suggesting that cultivation and artificial selection of coconuts were already practiced by the Austronesian Lapita people. Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. In fact, the toning property of coconut helps in preventing acne by minimizing the pores of the skin, leaving it glowing. The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. [114], The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. Dried half shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments, including the Chinese yehu and banhu, along with the Vietnamese n go and Arabo-Turkic rebab. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of 4C (25F). The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. [112] Proteins from coconut may cause food allergy, including anaphylaxis. Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. Training without Reward: Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut Harvesters. Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). [183] Another early mention of the coconut dates back to the "One Thousand and One Nights" story of Sinbad the Sailor wherein he bought and sold a coconut during his fifth voyage. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. Coconut water can be drunk fresh or used in cooking as in binakol. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coir Developments Much of coir production is done by small holders meaning production is scattered and at small volumes. What is the economic importance of coconut? [163], The roots are used as a dye, a mouthwash, and a folk medicine for diarrhea and dysentery. Want this question answered? The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,5002,500mm[5998in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. 98% of coconut is grown by more than 10 million resource poor smallholder and sharecropper families, on smallholdings under 4 ha. ; Putter, C.A.J. In the Philippines, the traditional tool is known as the halabas and is made from a long bamboo pole with a sickle-like blade mounted at the tip. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although most dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. It is predominantly used in the bakery and confectionary industries (especially in non-coconut-producing countries) because of its longer shelf life compared to freshly grated coconut. Hawaiians hollowed the trunk to form drums, containers, or small canoes. In the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a girl emerges from the blossom of a coconut tree. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. [45][24][48][49] Their cultivation and spread was closely tied to the early migrations of the Austronesian peoples who carried coconuts as canoe plants to islands they settled. Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. Yet, its high in calories and saturated fat, so you should eat it in moderation. Neera is a delicious natural non-alcoholic beverage, extracted from the spathe or the immature flower spike of coconut trees. The Coconut Palm Cocos Nucifera L. See also Can You Drink Malibu If You'Re Allergic To Coconut? Oilseeds, overall. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". [64], The dwarf coconut cultivars are fully domesticated, in contrast to tall cultivars which display greater diversity in terms of domestication (and lack thereof). Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. (2006). However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. Coconut (Cocos nucifera). The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. [136][137] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. What are the benefits of drinking coconut water? Coconut is grown in more than20.88 lakhha in the country with an estimated22167.45 million nuts during 2015-16with an average productivity of10614 nuts per ha. What are 10 uses for a coconut? [58], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatn. coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). "It made sense" to bring the affair to . The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as toddy, also known as tub in the Philippines (both fermented and fresh), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia), karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati, and neera in South Asia. De-husked coconuts typically weigh around 750 to 850 grams (1lb 10oz to 1lb 14oz). ~It also helps to make skin softer and more supple. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. Moisturize properly after washing your face. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java. Some of the dwarf cultivars such as 'Malayan dwarf' have shown some promising resistance to lethal yellowing, while other cultivars such as 'Jamaican tall' are highly affected by the same plant disease. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. The coconut industry also generates employment and supports local businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of these communities. [49][4] Indo-Atlantic type coconuts were also later spread by Arab and South Asian traders along the Indian Ocean basin, resulting in limited admixture with Pacific coconuts introduced earlier to Madagascar and the Comoros via the ancient Austronesian maritime trade network. The original one is held each October in Greenwich. Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop. It has a crunchy watery texture and a slightly sweet taste. in history at New Mexico State University. Coconut milk contains 5% to 20% fat, while coconut cream contains around 20% to 50% fat. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root.[142]. Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250mm (9+34in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. Nata de coco, also called coconut gel, is another jelly-like coconut product made from fermented coconut water. Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. Elvira Bowen is a food expert who has dedicated her life to understanding the science of cooking. June 14, 2022; ushl assistant coach salary . The coconut tree is the official state tree of Kerala, India. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. He also notes that several of the nuts began to germinate by the time they had been ten weeks at sea, precluding an unassisted journey of 100 days or more.[57]. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. The coconut palm is an important crop in many tropical countries, providing food products and raw materials for industries (Jones, 1991). Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. But this is uncommon. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. The coconut sector in the past has been dominated by products, copra and coconut oil, and the international coconut trade used to be driven by the demand for . [143], The sap can be reduced by boiling to create a sweet syrup or candy such as te kamamai in Kiribati or dhiyaa hakuru and addu bondi in the Maldives. [37][38] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. [118][119], Maturity is difficult to assess on an unopened coconut, and there is no technically proven method for determining maturity. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coconuts are commonly grown around the northern coast of Australia, and in some warmer parts of New South Wales. VCO is extracted f rom the fresh , matur e coconut kernel mechanically with or without t he use of heat. The know-how of coconut cultivation and necessary soil fixation and irrigation may have found its way into Omani, Hadrami and Al-Mahra culture by people who returned from those overseas areas. As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. Macapuno is a coconut variety with a jelly-like coconut meat. [33], The name coconut is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull' after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. Traditional areas of coconut in India are the states of Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Goa, West Bengal, Pondicherry, Maharashtra and Islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. Because of its properties that reduce appetite and boost metabolism, coconut oil can help in losing fat in the long term. Frison, E.A. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Its fruits are similar to the coconut, but smaller. Both the exocarp and the mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconut, while the endocarp makes up the hard coconut "shell". Aids in hydration. A coconut is the edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family. Most less-developed countries depend on agriculture as a major source of income and employment. Later, the endosperm matures and deposits onto the coconut rind during the cellular phase. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 1) Coconut Water: It is liquid endosperm. Coconut is grown in more than 90 countries of the world and Indonesia, Philippines, India are the major producing countries of the world. For other uses, see, "Coconut tree" redirects here. 37(9):830-5, 2004. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the markets oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. "The potential of the Coconut Industry is huge and benefits are available for parties from all sectors. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. Coconuts could not reach inland locations without human intervention (to carry seednuts, plant seedlings, etc.) A sugar containing juice which is obtained by tapping unopened spadix is known as toddy. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. in history at New Mexico State University. Because the nuts can fall from a height of 30 yards, in Southern Asia and Australia, monkeys (e.g., Malaya macaques) are trained to harvest them. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. Ingredient Lists); Major Food Allergens (food source names and examples)", "How to Tell When Coconuts Are Ripe on the Tree", "When Are Coconuts Ripe: Do Coconuts Ripen After They Are Picked", "ICC Quality Standard: Desiccated Coconut", "Exporting desiccated coconuts to Europe", "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12117, Nuts, coconut milk, raw (liquid expressed from grated meat and water)", "Ginataang Manok (Chicken Stewed in Coconut Milk) Filipino Recipe! [1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. Malakatad (literally "leather-like") refers to fully mature coconut meat (around 8 to 9 months old) with an opaque white appearance, a tough rubbery to leathery texture, and is difficult to separate from the shell. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). It is produced as the endosperm nourishes the developing embryo. Nevertheless, the authors Gomez-Navarro et al. Grated coconut that is dehydrated by drying or baking is known as "desiccated coconut." [1] PT. In some coconut growing countries, the coconut is the main or only source of foreign exchange earnings. The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. These have much lower fat content and are suitable as milk substitutes. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. A coconut (Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. [23] However, there is some evidence that it may be polygamomonoecious and may occasionally have bisexual flowers. These provide substantial circumstantial evidence that deliberate Austronesian voyagers were involved in carrying coconuts across the Pacific Ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. Its development would . [85] Mechanical coconut climbing devices and even automated robots have also been recently developed in countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. It is cultivated by about 11 million farmers on 12 million hectares; 80% of total production comes from Asia (Adkins et al., 2006). Male flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, staminate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and pistillodes are present. [82][78][83] Other manual methods to make climbing easier include using a system of pulleys and ropes; using pieces of vine, rope, or cloth tied to both hands or feet; using spikes attached to the feet or legs; or attaching coconut husks to the trunk with ropes. In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. The global virgin coconut oil market captured significant revenue in 2016 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of around 11% over the forecast period. [97], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. Palm. [11] Many modern different varieties are also grown, including the Maypan coconut, King coconut, and Macapuno. The coir is used to make brooms in Cambodia.[158]. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. It was first developed for commercial cultivation in the Philippines and is used widely in Philippine cuisine for desserts, drinks, and pastries. As part of the activities, there was a two-day conference aimed at re-educating Guyanese about the diverse benefits of the coconut fruit focusing on its economic diversification and multipurpose use, while heightening awareness and boosting the local Agro-tourism sector.
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