MICHAEL WITMORE: How far should we look back to find the attitudes that bolster white supremacy? Understanding different cultures is more than having an appreciation for our differences, but paving the way for a new world where we all stand together. So, how is it deployed and what does it connote, and what light does it shed on the topic were talking about today? Venice was a very important trading center. Kings are also compared to fathers of families, for a king is truly parens patriae, the politic father of his people. According to Social Gerontology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective, 7.2 percent of the Japanese population will be 80 or older in 2020 (compared to 4.1 percent in the U.S.), which will likely lead . 4 For a totally different view, see Lukas Erne, Shakespeare as Literary Dramatist (2003). ELIZABETHAN ATTITUDES: AN ANTHOLOGY. Total loading time: 0 When I am playing with my cat, who knows whether she have more sport in dallying with me than I have in gaming with her? We're at a moment in time when we need to do more than tolerate each other. We go back thinking about the Middle Ages and the popularity of certain kinds of romance forms. In earth he hath aligned and appointed kings, princes, with other governors under thern, in all good and necessary order. Many of their viewpoints were substantiated from their dominant influence of Christianity, whether Protestant or Catholic. Blackness working in concert with villainy, untrustworthiness, fit for servitude, But also a warning, right? We had technical help from Andrew Feliciano at Voice Trax West in Studio City, California. The elementary school years are a crucial period for addressing issues of prejudice and discrimination because they are a developmental phase, during which children's attitudes and beliefs about different groups are being . Now a father may dispose of his inheritance to his children at his pleasure: yea, even disinherit the eldest upon just occasions, and prefer the youngest, according to his liking; make them beggars or rich at his pleasure; restrain, or banish out of his presence, as he finds them give cause of offence, or restore them in favor again with the penitent sinner. The arts, religion, and clothing helped create the unique culture of the Elizabethan Era. Culture is related to the development of our attitude. Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure In some cultures, it is not appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information. And there was a wide diversity, right? July 06, 2017. DADABHOY: I dont know that I would say that. The period with which we are concerned here - let us say the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries - is well known as one in which the amount of scientific information about the world increased dramatically. . Are the foolish and wicked worthy of so extraordinary a favor, who, being the worst part of the world, should they be preferred before the rest? You say in your writing that the play is very short and very strange, but what you really get into is the way in which the word negro in the play conveys so much. Deepen your understanding of his works and their cultural influence. That his skin becomes the sign of his villainy and a sign of warning. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. His lack of self-esteem makes him an easy prey for the white devil, lago. And a question that comes up a lot is this: When did the concept of race begin to appear? We see here already Othello as kind of being hypersexualized and also criminalized in a way through the elopement. Cross-cultural differences in explicit attitudes towards emotion regulation. So we know that there was a considerable community of Black people who lived and worked and died in Shakespeares London in the early modern period. . And Cyprus is quite close to, sort of, the center of power of the Ottoman Empire, thinking about Istanbul. The King of Portugal, Sebastian, and two Moroccan kings end up dying. Right? In many ways, they become what is known as bi cultural or multi . Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues . BOGAEV: They kind of invert there, invert what youre saying. AMBEREEN DADABHOY: We actually know quite a bit about the Black people who were living in London during Shakespeares time. Even the idea of objectivity: As a scholar I am just sort of a disembodied mind that is interpreting all of these things. On the contrary, the male is more ready to help, and, as it hath been said, more brave than the female; and . So that herein the kingdom of England is far more absolute than either the dukedom of Venice is, or the kingdom of the Lacedemonians [Spartans] was. Then Cyprus represents being in that border region where one can potentially go native in a certain context. Well, now we do have a fuller picture of the context for Othello. The fact that she identifies them as Blackamoors suggests then that they were Black African people. People of color were called "savage.". Also Christ saith, by his evangelist, that in the house of his father (which is God) be many mansions. . Explicit attitudes towards emotional expression of Chinese were stronger than that of European Americans, p < .001, d = 0.86, 95%CI[0.93, 0.37].Compared to European Americans, Chinese believed emotional expression was a less positive regulatory strategy. Culture is a word for the 'way of life' of groups of people, meaning the way they do things. So were he a foolish father that would disinherit or destroy his children without a cause, or leave off the careful education of them. For commonly women are the most part of the forenoon painting themselves, and frizzing their hairs, and prying in their glass like Apes, to pranck up themselves in their gawdies, like Poppets, or like the Spider which weaves a fine web to hang the fly.". The relationship that Romeo had with Juliet might have been different in the modern world. Generations of Christians throughout the whole world have been consumed . In Elizabethan England, there was fairly widespread belief that freedom of choice was a right among marriage partners. Race and Blackness in Elizabethan England. But it really was in how I got to my topic was really from a moment of teaching Othello really. His presentation of women was depend ent upon the thinking of the society surrounding him. Certes, nothing finally, except some man would imagine eftsoons [soon afterward] Chaos, which of some is expounded a confused mixture. It is the story of the relationship between God and the world, as told through the lens of Jesus Christ. Othello's tragedy transcends race and is based on a natural human weakness. The slave trade had already started, and the Elizabethan period was the heyday of colonial-ism. Yes, exactly. BOGAEV: Right. Marriage allowed them social status and children. Because your work, it really puts a different spin on Othello, and it also puts such a different spin on the traditional thinking about The Renaissance, with a capital T and a capital R. I mean as you put it in your essay, Empires built on exploitation, on bondage, on enslavement, on genocide of Indigenous people, and you ask in that same paragraph, How can we have this glorious, early modern period if its also implicated in all of those things? How do you answer that question? Theres this moment where at the end of the play where the new king says that Muly Hamet should be skinned and his skin should be displayed as a warning to those who might follow, right? She believed these people were similar to beasts, dangerous because of their temper . Michael de Montaigne, An Apology of Raymond Sebond, 1568: Is it possible to imagine anything so ridiculous as this miserable and wretched creature which is not so much as master of himself exposed, and subject to offenses of all things, and yet dareth call himself master and emperor of this universe? Although as I have said ordinarily and by the common law, the eldest son inheriteth all the lands, yet in some countries all the sons have equal portion, and that is called ganelkinde, and is in many places in Kent. That was specifically directed at people from Spain, right? "In Elizabethan England one's clothing provided an observer with instant knowledge of one's social status." (Sonia) People were very judgmental of . Othello - Values and Attitudes "If Othello didnt begin as a play about race, history has made it one."The Venetian society that Othello is set in is representative of the writers context. Ben Lauer is the web producer. Shakespeare Unlimited comes to you from the Folger Shakespeare Library. 28 March 2007. The English-izing of all these names is really confusing, yeah. Ben Lauer is the web producer, with help from Leonor Fernandez. In the upper classes, marriage was seen as a means of gaining property, friends, and allies; therefore, marriages among wealthy landowners were more likely arranged than those among people from lower classes. During the Elizabethan Age, people were able to know the class of one another from what they were wearing. Her chapter in the Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race is called Barbarian Moors: Documenting Racial Formation in Early Modern England. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race was published by Cambridge University Press in 2021. Previous: Paul Edmondson onAll the Sonnets of Shakespeare| Next: Geoffrey Marsh on Shakespeares Neighbors. By what comparison from them to us doth he conclude the brutishness he ascribeth unto them? BOGAEV: Generation after generation of enslavement, yeah. Yeah. This podcast episode, In the Old Age, Black Was Not Counted Fair, was produced by Richard Paul. Edward Gosynhill, "Schole house of women," c. 1542: A popular and well-known diatribe against the vanity, talkativeness, extravagance, faithlessness, and general frailty of women from Eve to Jezebel. Then concern they but a few. In the play Othello, Shakespeare presents an African man who negates such stereotypical views. The disposition of the males is opposed to this; for they are more passionate and fierce, more straightforward, and less invidious. Society and the culture of England was changing. The poor and attitudes to poverty. Some of the factors that influence cultural differences in human-companion animal relationships are addressed, including the role of religion and symbolism and the role of veterinary medicine. If were talking about the imperial contest between Venice and the Ottoman Empire, and if Venice is supposed to stand for Europe and the Ottoman Empire is supposed to stand for the dangerous eastern Other, then we see in Cyprus how one is endangered by being in close proximity to that dangerous Other. ), Find out more about saving to your Kindle, Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521064309.005. Its a power struggle between three kings in 1578. Sir Thomas Smith, De Republic Anglorum: The Manner of Government or Policy of the Realm of England, 1583: The Prince whom I now call (as I have often before) the Monarch of England, King or Queen, hath absolutely in his power the authority of war and peace, to defy what Prince it shall please him, and to bid him war, and again to reconcile himself and enter into league or truce with him at his pleasure or the advice only of his privy council. They are able to empathize with people from different cultures. He made not only herbs to garnish the earth, but also trees of a more eminent nature than herbs. Elizabethan England was highly patriarchal in attitudes and structure. BOGAEV: Right. There be three principal similitudes that illustrates the state of monarchy. DADABHOY: Yes. DADABHOY: Thats a really complicated question. The Elizabethan wanted to help the idle poor. Results were analyzed for 52 fifth- and sixth-grade children and 52 older adults, and comparisons made on the basis of age, sex and amount of intergenerational contact. Dadabhoy held fellowships at the Folger in 2011 and 2016, and participated in a Folger NEH Summer Institute Shakespeare from the Globe to the Global in 2011. Aristotle, Historia Animalium, translated by Richard Cresswell: And in all animals in which there is a distinction of the sexes nature has given a similar disposition to the males and to the females. The Elizabethan attitudes were generally positive but towards many of the things we still debate today had different points of view. It turns out, we should look back pretty far. would have been the same (or perhaps much more intense given their lack of understanding of . According to one source, "in the Elizabethan age, upwards of 80% of all books were purchased for and read by women" ("Elizabethan Women" 1). One is the pretender to the throne and one is the legitimate king. Now, when we talk about Atlantic slavery, we are talking about a related but also, kind of different kind and form of enslavement. When she chose to show herself to her subjects she glittered with jewels and gold like an icon. It was introduced to ensure that the poor relief was collected to help the poor. Different groups may have different cultures. They make and unmake their subjects; they have power of raising and casting down, of life and of death; judges over all their subjects, and in all cases, and yet accountable to none but God only. Yeah. Marriage in Elizabethan times was considered a necessity by both men and women. And so those are the moments where we can put pressure and see how race is being mobilized to make it very clear that this is the villain and hes a villain because of his Blackness and his Africanness. The water, which is somewhat consolidate and approacheth to corruption, is next unto the earth. So that, you know, the noble Moor Abd al-Malik, hes also called a barbarian and he calls himself a barbarian. Dr. Ambereen Dadabhoy is an assistant professor of literature at Harvey Mudd College in Claremont, California. Popular culture and the wider world Popular culture. What was the framework of assumptions concerning foreigners? BOGAEV: But interesting that its being skinned. So when the queen asks the lord mayor to deport the Blackamoors, its really directed at anyone Spanish, whether slave or not, and it has more to do with that animosity between the two countries than with actual skin color? To investigate how attitudes towards plagiarism develop in young children, researchers investigated whether attitudes about copying others varied across American, Mexican and Chinese . 467 participants from seven different countries filled in the negative attitude towards robots scale . . Common law vested control of property in the man, though dower, inheritance, and settlements gave many wives in the propertied classes some safeguards. 3.2. . I feel this very strongly every time I see the play performed, that it just doesnt work for me. But by the common law if he that dieth hath no sons but daughters, the land is equally divided among them, which portion is made by agreement or by lot. While some travel narratives from the Elizabethan period comment positively on black Africans, there are many that do not. That is, of course, the Ottoman Empire. You can find more about the Folger at our website, folger.edu. That is exactly what is happening in this play. Thats proof that race, as we know it, people werent thinking that way back in that time. Gender roles during the Elizabethan era limited the roles of women. All these issues can affect team dynamics in various ways. It would be in her nature to love someone who was from her own culture. @free.kindle.com emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. So, Shakespearean audiences, then, already had exposure to, or thoughts along, these lines, and theyre getting it from different aspects of culture. The importance of culture lies in its close association with the ways of thinking and living. King James I, A speech to the Lords and Commons of the Parliament at Whitehall, Mach 21, 1610: The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth. What does each place represent? It is generally considered foolish to marry for love, although love may occur in marriage. Garland Scott is the associate producer. Theyre transformed into other kinds of encounters now when weve traveled a couple of centuries forward. Because Mediterranean slavery was still slavery and there was a lot of African slavery that was going through the Mediterranean, but often that form of slavery wasnt inheritable in the same way that the transatlantic program of enslavement becomes, right? The role of the husband is one of authority and . And to no Prince is done more honor and reverence than to the King and Queen of England, no man speaketh to the Prince nor serveth at the table but in adoration and kneeling; all persons of the realm be bareheaded before him: insomuch that in the chamber of presence where the cloth of estate is set, no man dare walk, yea though the Prince be not there, no man dare tarry there but bareheaded. I had a preconceived notion of what I was going to find. We think about this population that in the edicts is identified as having come from Spain, but what were they doing in Spain? During this era, social advancement for women was almost impossible. The Chinese also present the world with unique architectural, political, and religious systems . Well, is it that theres a negro Moor and then just Moors? What do we know about who they were and where they came from? People's attitudes toward the supernatural (paranormal, ghosts, mysterious happenings, witches, etc.) However, though the society was patriarchal, new ideas and thinking were evolv And these notable faults have men in all ages espied in that kind, for the which not only they have removed women from rule and auhority, but also some have thought that men subject to the counsel or empire of their wives were unworthy of all public office. In what ways Throughout the play, we see a difficult relation between Othello, a black man, Desdemona, a white woman and the everyone. According to a new Yale study, negative attitudes towards plagiarism may be more universal than previously thought. It is through the vanity of the same imagination that he dare equal himself to God, that he ascribeth divine conditions unto himself, that he selecteth and separateth himself from out the rank of other creatures; to which his fellow brethren and compeers, he cuts out and shareth their parts and allotteth them what portions of means or forces he thinks good. Marriage: Early marriage was more common among the nobility and gentry than further down the social scale. You had Moroccan African people in London. An Exhortation Concerning Good Order, and Obedience to Rulers and Magistrates," Sermon preached in all English Churches in 1547: ALmighty God hath created and appointed all things in heaven, earth, and waters, in a most excellent and perfect order. It was psychologist Robert Levine who analyzed different cultures and their attitude towards time.He found out that the more economically developed countries like the . Then enter the name part And to the king is due both the affection of the soul and the service of the body of his subjects. As for the father of a family, they had of old under the law of nature patriam potestatem [ancestral power], which was potestatem vitae et necis [power of life and death] over their children or family. BOGAEV: Well, We could go on for weeks, and I wish we could. Overview of the Elizabethan Fairy. He is Black; therefore, he is a villain. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Comparing the sexual beliefs and customs of the inhabitants on the two different small islands of Inis Beag and Mangaia best demonstrates which of the following?, Sex education classes in most secondary schools in the United States do not cover the topic of, the authors of your text define human sexuality as and more. So I think for me the play kind of presents the illusion of what a tolerant society might be, but its really about the danger of letting others into the familiar and intimate spaces of your society. She is not talking about Spanish people in that edict, right? BOGAEV: So you know, knowing this, seeing this, writing about this, how does it change how you teach your students? View Test Prep - Question and Links from ENGL 1101 at Middle Georgia State University.
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